【Java】图书管理系统-控制台输出

项目原码压缩包在我主页的资源中免费领取。（在IDEA中运行，启动类在src -> Main 中运行）

图书管理系统

设计一个简单的控制台输出的图书管理系统，我们首先需要明确其基本功能、设计内容以及设计要求。这个系统可以包括以下几个核心模块：书籍管理、用户管理、借阅与归还管理。以下是一个基础的设计方案：

设计内容

数据模型设计

• Book 类：包含书的属性，如 name（书名）、author（作者）、price（价格）、type（类型）、borrowed(借出情况)等。
• User 类：包含用户属性，如 name（姓名）、Books（已借书籍列表，可以是Book对象的集合）。

功能模块设计

• 书籍管理

  • 添加书籍
  • 删除书籍
  • 显示书籍信息
  • 查询书籍（按书名查找）

• 用户管理

  • 查找图书
  • 借阅图书
  • 归还图书

设计要求

用户交互友好性

• 系统应提供清晰的菜单选项，方便用户进行操作。
• 对于错误输入，系统应给出友好的提示信息，指导用户正确操作。

数据一致性与安全性

• 保证数据的一致性，例如在借书时检查书籍是否可借。
• 虽然是控制台应用，也应考虑简单安全措施，比如对用户密码进行基本的加密处理。

 系统扩展性

• 设计时应考虑未来可能的功能扩展，如增加评论系统、推荐系统等，确保现有架构易于扩展。

在该项目中我们设计了两个菜单：

 用来各执行不同的操作。

项目操作步骤

1、建立包：

在该项目中我们建立三个包：1、book 2、operation 3、user 分别用来存放与书籍相关的类、与操作相关的类、与用户相关的类。

编写与书籍相关的类：

Book类的代码：

package book;

import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:图书
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 20:13
 */
public class Book {
    private String name;//书名
    private String auther;//作者
    private int price;//价格
    private String type;//书的类型
    private boolean isBorrowed;//书是否被借出

    public Book(String name, String auther, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.auther = auther;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuther() {
        return auther;
    }

    public void setAuther(String auther) {
        this.auther = auther;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "书名：'" + name + '\'' +
                ", 作者：'" + auther + '\'' +
                ", 价格：" + price +
                ", 类型：'" + type + '\'' +
                ((isBorrowed == true)?",借出情况：已借出":",借出情况：未借出")  +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
        Book book = (Book) o;
        return price == book.price && isBorrowed == book.isBorrowed && Objects.equals(name, book.name) && Objects.equals(auther, book.auther) && Objects.equals(type, book.type);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(name, auther, price, type, isBorrowed);
    }
}

BookList类的代码：

package book;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:书架
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 20:29
 */
public class BookList {
    private Book[] booklist = new Book[10];//用来存放书
    private int usedSize;//计数器，用来记录当前书架有多少书

    public BookList() {
        booklist[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",71,"小说");
        booklist[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",82,"小说");
        booklist[2] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",79,"小说");
        this.usedSize = 3;
    }

    public void setBooks(int pos, Book book){
        booklist[pos] = book;
    }
    public Book getBook(int pos){
        return booklist[pos];
    }
    public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }

    public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }
}

编写与用户相关的类：

AdminUser 类的代码：

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 22:19
 */
public class AdminUser extends Users{
    public AdminUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.books = new IBooks[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindBooks(),
                new AddBooks(),
                new DelBooks(),
                new ShowBooks()
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("=====================================");
        System.out.println("hallo! "+this.name+" 欢迎来到管理员菜单");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.新增图书");
        System.out.println("3.删除图书");
        System.out.println("4.显示图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("请选择你要操作的序号：>");
        System.out.println("=====================================");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

Normaluser 类的编写：

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 22:19
 */
public class NormalUser extends Users{
    public NormalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.books = new IBooks[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindBooks(),
                new BorrowBooks(),
                new ReturnBooks()
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("========================================");
        System.out.println("hallo! "+this.name+" 欢迎来到普通用户菜单菜单");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3.归还图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("请选择你要操作的序号：>");
        System.out.println("=======================================");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

Users 类的代码：

package user;

import book.BookList;
import operation.IBooks;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 22:13
 */
public abstract class Users {
    protected String name;
    public IBooks[] books;

    public Users(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public abstract int menu();

    public void doOperation(int choice,BookList booklist){
        books[choice].work(booklist);
    }
}

编写与操作相关的类：

AddBooks 类代码的编写：

package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 21:54
 */
public class AddBooks implements IBooks{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist){
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入书名");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入作者");
        String auther = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入价格");
        int price = scanner.nextInt();
        scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入书的类型");
        String type = scanner.nextLine();
        Book book = new Book(name,auther,price,type);
        int count = booklist.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            Book book1 = booklist.getBook(i);
            if(book1.getName().equals(name)){
                System.out.println("已经存在这本书，不能在进行添加了");
                return;
            }
        }
        booklist.setBooks(count,book);
        booklist.setUsedSize(count+1);
        System.out.println("添加成功！");
    }
}

BorrowBooks 类的代码编写：

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 22:09
 */
public class BorrowBooks implements IBooks{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist) {
        int count = booklist.getUsedSize();
        if(count == 0){
            System.out.println("图书馆没有图书！");
            return;
        }
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的书籍的名字：>");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int tmp = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                tmp = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        if(tmp == -1){
            System.out.println("图书馆没有该图书！");
            return;
        }
        Book book1 = booklist.getBook(tmp);
        if(book1.isBorrowed() == true){
            System.out.println("该书籍已经被借出！");
            return;
        }
        book1.setBorrowed(true);
        System.out.println("借阅成功！");
        return;
    }
}

DelBooks 类的代码编写：

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 22:02
 */
public class DelBooks implements IBooks{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist){
        int count = booklist.getUsedSize();
        if(count == 0){
            System.out.println("图书馆没有图书！");
            return;
        }
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书的名字:>");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int tmp = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                tmp = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        if(tmp == -1){
            System.out.println("没有找到该图书，请重新选择！");
            return;
        }else{
            for (int i = tmp; i < count - 1; i++) {
                Book book1 = booklist.getBook(i+1);
                booklist.setBooks(i,book1);
            }
        }
        booklist.setUsedSize(count - 1);
        System.out.println("删除图书成功！");
        return;
    }
}

ExitOperation 类的代码编写：

package operation;

import book.BookList;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 22:06
 */
public class ExitOperation implements IBooks{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist) {
        int count = booklist.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            booklist.setBooks(i,null);
        }
        booklist.setUsedSize(0);
        System.out.println("成功退出图书管理系统");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

FindBooks 类的代码：

package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 21:57
 */
public class FindBooks implements IBooks{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist){
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要查找的书名");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int count = booklist.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有这本图书");
    }
}

IBooks 类的代码：

package operation;

import book.BookList;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 22:00
 */
public interface IBooks {
    void work(BookList booklist);
}

ReturnBooks 类的代码：

import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 22:10
 */
public class ReturnBooks implements IBooks{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist) {
        int count = booklist.getUsedSize();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要归还书籍的名字：:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int tmp = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                tmp = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        if(tmp == -1){
            System.out.println("图书馆没有该图书");
            return;
        }
        Book book2 = booklist.getBook(tmp);
        book2.setBorrowed(false);
        System.out.println("图书归还成功！");
    }
}

ShowBooks 类的代码：

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 22:03
 */
public class ShowBooks implements IBooks{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist) {
       int count = booklist.getUsedSize();
       if(count == 0){
           System.out.println("图书馆没有图书！");
           return;
       }
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBook(i);
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

Main 类的代码：

import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.Users;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: lenovo
 * Date: 2024-06-04
 * Time: 20:08
 */
public class Main {
    public static Users login(){
        System.out.println("请输入你的姓名：>");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("清选择你的身份：>  1-》管理员 0-》普通用户");
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        if(choice == 1){
            return new AdminUser(name);
        }else{
            return new NormalUser(name);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookList booklist = new BookList();
        Users users = login();
        while(true){
            int choice = users.menu();
            users.doOperation(choice,booklist);
        }
    }
}

最后代码在Main类中启动。

运行结果如下图：