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嵌入式web boa配置流程详解

作者 : admin 本文共10439个字，预计阅读时间需要27分钟 发布时间： 2023-11-3 共1人阅读

boa配置流程详解

  • 前期准备
      • boa介绍
      • 操作目的
      • 下载boa
  • 配置流程
      • 1.解压boa服务器
      • 2.配置Makefile
      • 3.编译boa服务器
      • 4.修改boa配置文件
      • 5.增加权限并编译cgi
      • 6.测试demo
      • 7.错误示例
  • 附录A history
  • 附录B boa.conf

前期准备

boa介绍

Boa服务器是一个小巧高效的web服务器，是一个运行于unix或linux下的，支持CGI的、适合于嵌入式系统的单任务的http服务器，源代码开放、性能高。Boa是一种非常小巧的Web服务器，其可执行代码只有大约60KB左右。作为一种单任务Web服务器，Boa只能依次完成用户的请求，而不会fork出新的进程来处理并发连接请求。但Boa支持CGI，能够为CGI程序fork出一个进程来执行。Boa的设计目标是速度和安全。

操作目的

本次流程目的是在飞凌开发板部署配置boa服务器，平台为aarch64，通过简单逻辑登录页面来验证流程是否成功，并将流程中的报错一并托出。

下载boa

boa官网地址:www.boa.org
记得不要选0.94.14rc21，这个解压后src目录下没有configure文件，选择0.94.13的here下载。下载的格式是boa-0.94.13.tar.gz
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图

配置流程

首先先连接好目标ip将boa的压缩包传进去，例：如果使用ubuntu的小伙伴那就使用xftp或者MobaXterm或者FileZilla Client将boa-0.94.13.tar.gz传入Ubuntu。

（本文会将history附在最后，暂记附录A）

1.解压boa服务器

我们假设你已经进入到Ubuntu的home路径下，开始解压boa
sudo tar zxvf boa-0.94.13.tar.gz
cd boa-0.94.13
sudo apt-get install bison flex
cd src
./configure 生成Makefile

2.配置Makefile

这里需要注意的是，假使你的目标是X86平台，可以跳过步骤2，如果你的目标平台是aarch64 arm等，需要改动makefile

查看平台架构：uname -m
文件显示行号：按键Esc，输入英文:set nu 或者:set number

makefile改动CC CPP两点，如图示例。
执行
sudo vi Makefile
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(1)
小伙伴们注意哈，aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc是tab补全的，千万别自己傻傻敲哈。

3.编译boa服务器

目前是在src目录下，即当前路径（以我为例）为/home/graysen/boa-0.94.13/src

3.1 编辑defines.h
sudo vi defines.h
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(2)
这里是web服务器根目录，也就是web，cgi的存放位置。

3.2 编辑boa.c

sudo vi boa.c
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(3)
3.3 编辑compat.h

sudo vi compat.h

嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(4)
3.4 编辑log.c

sudo vi log.c

嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(5)
这里需要注意下，注释log.c的作用是决定是否显示启动boa服务器的打印输出，比如我注释了，在启动boa时会在shell中显示详细执行情况；如果不注释，启动完boa无任何输出（无论注释或者不注释结果都会显示在/boa/log目录下）

编辑修改文件工作已经完成
当前在src目录下

执行
sudo make

开始编译

编译完成后，开始安装boa服务器
在src目录下
sudo mkdir -p /boa /boa/www /boa/cgi-bin /boa/log
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(6)
cd …
回到boa-0.94.13目录，将编译后的文件copy到boa服务器位置
执行
sudo cp boa.conf /boa
sudo cp src/boa /boa
sudo cp src/boa_indexer /boa
sudo cp /etc/mime.types /boa

嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(7)

4.修改boa配置文件

我们将boa服务器放在了根目录下
cd /boa
sudo vim boa.conf

嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(8)
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(9)
#ErrorLog /var/log/boa/error_log是定向输出到这的错误日志，如果您不想记录错误，请设置为 /dev/null。
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(10)
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(11)
DocumentRoot /boa/www是你的web的目录，存放web的地方
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(12)
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(13)
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(14)
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /boa/cgi-bin/是存放.c .cgi文件的地方，当然可以指定任何地方，可以在www下建立cgi-bin进行存放，那么这里就需要修改为：
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /boa/www/cgi-bin/
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(15)
里面字段的具体含义可以参考官网解释http://www.boa.org/documentation/boa-2.html#ss2.3

（本文会将boa.conf全文放置最后，暂且记附录B）

5.增加权限并编译cgi

修改boa权限

cd /boa
sudo chmod 777 *

编写简单html demo存放至/boa/www下

<html>
<head>
<title>CGI login</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
</head> 
<body>  
<form name="login" action="../cgi-bin/login.cgi">name：<input type="text" name="name" />
<br/>password：<input type="password" name="pwd" /> 
<br/>true：<input type="submit" value="login" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

编写简单c demo编译后存放至/boa/cgi-bin下

#include 
#include   
int main() 
{   
    char *date;   
    char name[50],pwd[20];   
    printf("content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8

");  
    printf("login ret");
    printf("
login ret
");    
    date=getenv("QUERY_STRING");  
    if(date==NULL)    
        printf("
err
");  
    else
    {    
        sscanf(date,"name=%[^&]&pwd=%s",name,pwd);  
        printf("
name=%s
",name);   
        printf("
pwd=%s
",pwd);   
        printf("%s",date);  
    }   
    return 0; 
}

printf("content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8

");  如果你自己C文件这句话一定要加上

注意：
如果你是X86平台运行，请使用gcc编译
如果你是aarch64 arm平台运行，请使用aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc或者arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc编译

以我为例，使用aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc编译

嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(16)
将我的示例代码login.cgi存放至/boa/cgi-bin下

sudo cp login.cgi /boa/cgi-bin
并增加权限
(当前我已经切换到/boa/cgi-bin目录下)
sudo chmod 777 *(或者sudo chmod 777 login.cgi)

6.测试demo

在/boa目录下会看到boa
执行
./boa
启动服务器

打开浏览器输入 （你的ubuntu ip或者开发板ip）（boa.conf设置的端口）
以我为例：192.168.31.201:8080
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(17)
成功显示页面，并输入账号密码

嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(18)
成功跳转到/cgi-bin/login.cgi，显示正确

7.错误示例

7.1 -bash: ./boa: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error
出现-bash: ./boa: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error错误可能是因为你的交叉编译出问题了，有可能是你的目标环境是aarch64，但是你是用gcc编译的C文件，请尝试修改makefile，使用正确的编译器编译，遵循makefile-编译C-目标环境一致。

7.2Could not chdir to “/etc/boa”: aborting
关于该目录的定义在 defines.h中，可能你的boa服务器目录没有配置或者配置路径出错，按照我们示例，是将#define SERVER_ROOT修改为 “/boa”

7.3 502 Bad GatewayThe CGI was not CGI/1.1 compliant

出现
502 Bad Gateway
The CGI was not CGI/1.1 compliant
cgi_header: unable to find LFLF

原因有以下几点：
1.可能是网址打错了(路径是否和配置文件对应)
2.配置有问题
3.权限没给足 chmod 777 test.cgi
4.代码本身有问题（先测测 cgi-test.cgi）
5.c代码使用错误的编译器生成了cgi
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(19)
6.试试关闭两端防火墙，关闭火绒等

依次检查完无误后如果还是不行，可以尝试重新配置并移植boa

7.4 GET http://192.168.77.149:888/favicon.ico

在网络调试抓捕中出现GET http://192.168.77.149:888/favicon.ico
嵌入式web boa配置流程详解插图(20)

显示你没有favicon.ico文件，在/boa/www下传入favicon.ico文件即可

favicon.ico一般用于作为缩略的网站标志，它显示在浏览器的地址栏、浏览器标签上或者在收藏夹上，是展示网站个性的缩略logo标志。

你可以使用在线转换网页来将任意图片转换为favicon.ico

附录A history

cd boa-0.94.13/
ls
sudo apt-get install bison flex
cd src/
sudo ./configure 
ls
sudo vi defines.h 
sudo vi boa.c
sudo vi compat.h 
sudo make
sudo mkdir -p /boa /boa/www /boa/cgi-bin /boa/log
sudo cp boa.conf /boa
sudo cp src/boa /boa
sudo cp src/boa_indexer /boa
sudo cp /etc/mime.types /boa
sudo cp test.html /boa/www/
sudo cp test.c /boa/cgi-bin/
sudo ufw disable

附录B boa.conf

# Boa v0.94 configuration file
# File format has not changed from 0.93
# File format has changed little from 0.92
# version changes are noted in the comments
#
# The Boa configuration file is parsed with a lex/yacc or flex/bison
# generated parser.  If it reports an error, the line number will be
# provided; it should be easy to spot.  The syntax of each of these
# rules is very simple, and they can occur in any order.  Where possible
# these directives mimic those of NCSA httpd 1.3; I saw no reason to 
# introduce gratuitous differences.
# $Id: boa.conf,v 1.25 2002/03/22 04:33:09 jnelson Exp $
# The "ServerRoot" is not in this configuration file.  It can be compiled
# into the server (see defines.h) or specified on the command line with
# the -c option, for example:
#
# boa -c /usr/local/boa
# Port: The port Boa runs on.  The default port for http servers is 80.
# If it is less than 1024, the server must be started as root.
#Port 80
Port 8080
# Listen: the Internet address to bind(2) to.  If you leave it out,
# it takes the behavior before 0.93.17.2, which is to bind to all
# addresses (INADDR_ANY).  You only get one "Listen" directive,
# if you want service on multiple IP addresses, you have three choices:
#    1. Run boa without a "Listen" directive
#       a. All addresses are treated the same; makes sense if the addresses
#          are localhost, ppp, and eth0.
#       b. Use the VirtualHost directive below to point requests to different
#          files.  Should be good for a very large number of addresses (web
#          hosting clients).
#    2. Run one copy of boa per IP address, each has its own configuration
#       with a "Listen" directive.  No big deal up to a few tens of addresses.
#       Nice separation between clients.
# The name you provide gets run through inet_aton(3), so you have to use dotted
# quad notation.  This configuration is too important to trust some DNS.
#Listen 192.68.0.5
#  User: The name or UID the server should run as.
# Group: The group name or GID the server should run as.
User nobody
#Group nogroup
Group nobody
# ServerAdmin: The email address where server problems should be sent.
# Note: this is not currently used, except as an environment variable
# for CGIs.
#ServerAdmin root@localhost
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. If this does not start
# with /, it is considered relative to the server root.
# Set to /dev/null if you don't want errors logged.
# If unset, defaults to /dev/stderr
#ErrorLog /var/log/boa/error_log
ErrorLog /boa/log/error_log
# Please NOTE: Sending the logs to a pipe ('|'), as shown below,
#  is somewhat experimental and might fail under heavy load.
# "Usual libc implementations of printf will stall the whole
#  process if the receiving end of a pipe stops reading."
#ErrorLog "|/usr/sbin/cronolog --symlink=/var/log/boa/error_log /var/log/boa/error-%Y%m%d.log"
# AccessLog: The location of the access log file. If this does not
# start with /, it is considered relative to the server root.
# Comment out or set to /dev/null (less effective) to disable 
# Access logging.
#AccessLog /var/log/boa/access_log
AccessLog /boa/log/access_log
# Please NOTE: Sending the logs to a pipe ('|'), as shown below,
#  is somewhat experimental and might fail under heavy load.
# "Usual libc implementations of printf will stall the whole
#  process if the receiving end of a pipe stops reading."
#AccessLog  "|/usr/sbin/cronolog --symlink=/var/log/boa/access_log /var/log/boa/access-%Y%m%d.log"
# UseLocaltime: Logical switch.  Uncomment to use localtime 
# instead of UTC time
#UseLocaltime
# VerboseCGILogs: this is just a logical switch.
#  It simply notes the start and stop times of cgis in the error log
# Comment out to disable.
#VerboseCGILogs
# ServerName: the name of this server that should be sent back to 
# clients if different than that returned by gethostname + gethostbyname 
#ServerName www.your.org.here
# VirtualHost: a logical switch.
# Comment out to disable.
# Given DocumentRoot /var/www, requests on interface 'A' or IP 'IP-A'
# become /var/www/IP-A.
# Example: http://localhost/ becomes /var/www/127.0.0.1
#
# Not used until version 0.93.17.2.  This "feature" also breaks commonlog
# output rules, it prepends the interface number to each access_log line.
# You are expected to fix that problem with a postprocessing script.
#VirtualHost 
# DocumentRoot: The root directory of the HTML documents.
# Comment out to disable server non user files.
#DocumentRoot /var/www
DocumentRoot /boa/www
# UserDir: The name of the directory which is appended onto a user's home
# directory if a ~user request is recieved.
UserDir public_html
# DirectoryIndex: Name of the file to use as a pre-written HTML
# directory index.  Please MAKE AND USE THESE FILES.  On the
# fly creation of directory indexes can be _slow_.
# Comment out to always use DirectoryMaker
DirectoryIndex index.html
# DirectoryMaker: Name of program used to create a directory listing.
# Comment out to disable directory listings.  If both this and
# DirectoryIndex are commented out, accessing a directory will give
# an error (though accessing files in the directory are still ok).
#DirectoryMaker /usr/lib/boa/boa_indexer
DirectoryMaker /boa/boa_indexer
# DirectoryCache: If DirectoryIndex doesn't exist, and DirectoryMaker
# has been commented out, the the on-the-fly indexing of Boa can be used
# to generate indexes of directories. Be warned that the output is 
# extremely minimal and can cause delays when slow disks are used.
# Note: The DirectoryCache must be writable by the same user/group that 
# Boa runs as.
# DirectoryCache /var/spool/boa/dircache
# KeepAliveMax: Number of KeepAlive requests to allow per connection
# Comment out, or set to 0 to disable keepalive processing
KeepAliveMax 1000
# KeepAliveTimeout: seconds to wait before keepalive connection times out
KeepAliveTimeout 10
# MimeTypes: This is the file that is used to generate mime type pairs
# and Content-Type fields for boa.
# Set to /dev/null if you do not want to load a mime types file.
# Do *not* comment out (better use AddType!)
#MimeTypes /etc/mime.types
MimeTypes /boa/mime.types
# DefaultType: MIME type used if the file extension is unknown, or there
# is no file extension.
DefaultType text/plain
# CGIPath: The value of the $PATH environment variable given to CGI progs.
CGIPath /bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin
# SinglePostLimit: The maximum allowable number of bytes in 
# a single POST.  Default is normally 1MB.
# AddType: adds types without editing mime.types
# Example: AddType type extension [extension ...]
# Uncomment the next line if you want .cgi files to execute from anywhere
#AddType application/x-httpd-cgi cgi
# Redirect, Alias, and ScriptAlias all have the same semantics -- they
# match the beginning of a request and take appropriate action.  Use
# Redirect for other servers, Alias for the same server, and ScriptAlias
# to enable directories for script execution.
# Redirect allows you to tell clients about documents which used to exist in
# your server's namespace, but do not anymore. This allows you to tell the
# clients where to look for the relocated document.
# Example: Redirect /bar http://elsewhere/feh/bar
# Aliases: Aliases one path to another.
# Example: Alias /path1/bar /path2/foo
Alias /doc /usr/doc
# ScriptAlias: Maps a virtual path to a directory for serving scripts
# Example: ScriptAlias /htbin/ /www/htbin/
#ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /boa/cgi-bin/
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